Reconciling coherent oscillation with rate modulation of irregular spiking activity in selective attention: gamma-range synchronization between sensory and executive cortical areas

Supplemental Figures.......................................................................................................................2 Supplemental Figure 1. Schematic representation of the particle swarm optimization algorithm used for finding network parameters that produce the required responses in area MT.....................................................................................................................2 Supplemental Figure 2. Distribution of parameters in the MT network model solutions found by the optimization procedure. .........................................................4 Supplemental Figure 3. Interneurons show similar patterns of spiking activity in the course of the attention task. ......................................................................................5 Supplemental Figure 4. The time course of LFP gamma power mimics rate modulations, but not for asynchronous top-down inputs. ...........................................6 Supplemental Figure 5. Inter-areal synchronization and local oscillations in the gamma-range frequency are mediated by recurrent AMPA receptors. .......................7 Supplemental Figure 6. Gamma-range synchrony in MT and modulation ratio of firing rates decrease with synaptic latency dispersion, but remain sizable for physiological values. .................................................................................................9 Supplemental Figure 7. Local synchrony enhancement by attention in MT underlies the slight refinement of MT population activity........................................................10 Supplemental Figure 8. Multiplicative gain modulation of responses is potentiated by inter-areal synchrony. ..............................................................................................11 Supplemental Figure 9. None of the MT networks in supplemental Figure 1 showed significant effects of inter-areal synchronization on attentional rate modulations in MT...........................................................................................................................12 Supplemental Methods....................................................................................................................14 References..................................................................................................................................20 Supplemental Table........................................................................................................................22 Supplemental Table 1. Subset of free parameters considered in our optimization procedure and their specific values in each MT network model solution. ................22